The 1982 horror film “Poltergeist,” directed by Tobe Hooper and produced by Steven Spielberg, is famous not only for its terrifying storyline but also for a particularly eerie piece of trivia: the use of real human skeletons as props. This choice has sparked widespread discussions, adding to the film’s legacy and the so-called “Poltergeist Curse.” This article investigates the reasons for this choice, its repercussions, and the larger context in the film business.
The Decision to Use Real Skeletons
Practical Considerations
1. Cost Efficiency:
- At the time “Poltergeist” was made, it was reportedly cheaper to acquire real human skeletons than to manufacture realistic plastic ones. This surprising economic reality influenced the decision to use genuine skeletons for the film’s climactic scene.
- Real skeletons were often used in Hollywood due to their availability and cost-effectiveness compared to creating high-quality replicas.
2. Realism:
- The filmmakers aimed for a high degree of realism in the movie’s special effects. Real human skeletons provided an authentic look that fake skeletons couldn’t easily replicate.
- This pursuit of authenticity was intended to heighten the horror and impact of the scenes involving the skeletons.
The Infamous Scene
The most notable use of real skeletons occurs in the film’s climax. JoBeth Williams, who portrayed Diane Freeling, falls into a swimming pool full of dirty water and bones. The visceral impact of this scene is heightened by the knowledge that the skeletons were real, adding an unsettling layer to the film’s horror.
The Ethics and Impact
Ethical Implications
1. Lack of Consent:
- Using real human remains without explicit consent raises significant ethical concerns. Individuals whose skeletons were utilized did not consent to having their remains included in a horror film.
- This practice reflects a disregard for the dignity and wishes of the deceased, posing serious ethical questions.
2. Cultural Sensitivity:
- Different cultures have varied attitudes and customs surrounding the handling of human remains. Using real skeletons in entertainment can be seen as culturally insensitive or even sacrilegious in some contexts.
- It’s crucial to consider these cultural dimensions when evaluating the ethics of using real human remains in media.
The “Poltergeist Curse”
1. Urban Legend:
- The inclusion of genuine skeletons in “Poltergeist” has been linked to the so-called “Poltergeist Curse.” This urban legend suggests that the production of the film was plagued by misfortunes and tragedies, purportedly due to the disturbance of human remains.
- Several cast members died unexpectedly, including Heather O’Rourke and Dominique Dunne, fueling rumors about the curse.
2. Superstition vs. Reality:
- While the curse remains a topic of fascination and speculation, there is no concrete evidence linking the use of real skeletons to the misfortunes experienced by the cast and crew.
- The curse narrative highlights the power of superstition and how real-life events can become intertwined with fictional horror stories.
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The Broader Context in Hollywood
Historical Use of Real Skeletons
1. Common Practice:
- The use of real skeletons was not unique to “Poltergeist.” Historically, many films used real human remains due to their realistic appearance and lower cost.
- Examples include “House on Haunted Hill” (1959) and “The House of Usher” (1960), which also employed real skeletons for their special effects.
2. Changing Standards:
- Over time, ethical standards and public awareness have evolved. Today, the use of real human remains in film and media is much more scrutinized and generally considered inappropriate.
- Advances in special effects and CGI have reduced the need for such practices, allowing filmmakers to achieve realism without ethical compromises.
Modern Alternatives
1. Special Effects and CGI:
- Modern technology has significantly advanced, enabling filmmakers to create highly realistic skeletons and other special effects without the need for real human remains.
- CGI and practical effects have become the industry standard, providing ethical and effective alternatives.
2. Ethical Guidelines:
- The film industry has created more thorough ethical rules for the use of human remains and other sensitive materials. These guidelines ensure respect for human dignity and cultural considerations.
- Organizations like the Motion Picture Association (MPA) promote ethical standards that reflect contemporary values and sensitivities.
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Conclusion
The usage of actual skeletons in the 1982 film “Poltergeist” is an intriguing and contentious facet of film history. While it contributed to the film’s realism and horror, it also raised significant ethical concerns. The legacy of this decision is reflected in the ongoing discussions about the “Poltergeist Curse” and the broader evolution of ethical standards in Hollywood. Today, technological developments and a better understanding of ethical issues mean that such tactics are mostly obsolete, allowing filmmakers to create compelling and respectful cinematic experiences.
FAQs
Why did the filmmakers of “Poltergeist” use real skeletons?
The filmmakers used real skeletons primarily due to cost efficiency and the desire for realism. At the time, genuine skeletons were less expensive and more realistic than plastic versions.
What are the ethical concerns surrounding the use of real skeletons in movies?
Using real skeletons without consent raises ethical issues regarding the dignity and wishes of the deceased. It also involves cultural sensitivity concerns, as different cultures have varying practices for handling human remains.
What is the “Poltergeist Curse”?
The “Poltergeist Curse” is an urban legend suggesting that the production of the “Poltergeist” films was plagued by misfortunes and tragedies, allegedly due to the use of real skeletons and the disturbance of human remains.
How has the use of real skeletons in films changed over time?
Historically, real skeletons were commonly used due to their realistic appearance and cost-effectiveness. However, developments in special effects and a better understanding of ethical issues have essentially eradicated this technique from current cinema.
What alternatives do modern filmmakers use instead of real skeletons?
Modern filmmakers utilize special effects, CGI, and high-quality copies to produce realistic looks without making ethical concessions. These advancements provide effective and respectful alternatives to using real human remains.
How have ethical standards in Hollywood evolved regarding the use of human remains?
Ethical standards in Hollywood have evolved to prioritize respect for human dignity and cultural considerations. Comprehensive rules and industry standards now guarantee that sensitive items are handled safely.
Did the use of real skeletons in “Poltergeist” contribute to the film’s success?
The use of real skeletons added to the film’s realism and horror, contributing to its impact. However, it also sparked controversy and ethical debates that continue to be discussed today.
Are there other films that used real skeletons?
Yes, other films like “House on Haunted Hill” (1959) and “The House of Usher” (1960) also used real skeletons due to similar reasons of cost and realism. This practice was more common in earlier periods of filmmaking.
